Presymptomatic Zolgensma Treatment Yields Age-Appropriate Development in SMA

This content originally appeared on our sister site, NeurologyLive.

Presymptomatic children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) Type 1 demonstrated age-appropriate milestone development as well as improvements in motor function not seen in the natural history of the disease after treatment with onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma; Novartis), according to newly published data.^1,2,3

These findings, from the phase 3 SPR1NT and STR1VE-EU clinical trials (NCT03505099 and NCT03461289, respectively), were presented at the 7th Congress of the European Academy for Neurology (EAN) Virtual, June 19-22, 2021.

SPR1NT, an open-label, single-arm, multi-center trial, evaluated the gene therapy in presymptomatic patients with SMA aged 6 weeks or younger with 2 or 3 copies of SMN2. The data showed that all patients (n = 14; 100%) achieved the primary end point of sitting independently for at least 30 seconds, including 11 (79%) who achieved this milestone within the World Health Organization (WHO) window of normal development.²

Most notably, all patients were independent of nutritional and respiratory support for the duration of the study. Nearly all patients (13 of 14) achieved the additional secondary efficacy end point of age-appropriate weight maintenance without non-oral feeding support at any visit up to 18 months of age.

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"With more than 1200 children now treated, these data presented at EAN further reinforce the life-changing benefit of a one-time treatment of Zolgensma,” Shepard Mpofu, MD, senior vice president, chief medical officer, Novartis, said in a statement.¹ “When treated with Zolgensma prior to the onset of symptoms, not only did all patients survive, but were thriving—breathing and eating on their own and sitting independently, with many standing and walking. When you consider these newborns would go on to develop severe symptoms of SMA Type 1, a devastating, progressive disease that robs children of the ability to talk, eat, sit up and even breathe, findings from the SPR1NT trial are nothing short of extraordinary."

Standing independently was achieved by 11 (79%) patients, 7 of which achieved this milestone within the WHO window of normal development. Nine patients (64%) could walk independently, 5 of whom achieved this milestone within the WHO window of normal development.

After dosing, all patients experienced at least 1 adverse event (AE), 10 (71%) of which were treatment related. Five patients had serious AEs, all of which were resolved and were not considered related to treatment.

Contrary to the natural history of patients with SMA type 1, all patients treated with Zolgensma achieved or maintained a Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) score of at least 58. A separate analysis from SPR1NT that includes 15 patients with 3 copies of SMN2 treated with the therapy is currently ongoing but was not reported with this dataset.

STR1VE-EU evaluated patients with SMA Type 1 who had biallelic SMN1 gene deletion or point mutations and 1 or 2 copies of the SMN2 backup gene.³ The study was also distinct in its broadened inclusion and exclusion criteria of enrolled patients compared to that of the START or STR1VE-US clinical trials. Lower CHOP-INTEND scores and additional need for nutritional and ventilary support were documented among these patients.

Of the 33 patients enrolled in the study, 27 (82%) achieved developmental motor milestones not observed in the natural history of SMA Type 1. The primary end point of sitting independently for at least 10 seconds was achieved in 44% (n = 14) of the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, observed at a median age of 15.9 months.

Excluding 3 patients who had control at baseline, 23 of 30 patients (77%) achieved head control with treatment, while 19 of 33 (58%) rolled from back to sides and 16 sat without support for at least 30 seconds. Notably, 2 patients stood without assistance, as well as 1 who crawled, stood, pulled to stand, and walked without assistance, all by 18 months of age.

"This is a remarkable outcome that adds to the robust body of clinical evidence for Zolgensma showing that even among patients with more severe disease, Zolgensma was highly effective and demonstrated a consistent safety profile,” Eugenio Mercuri, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, said in a statement.¹

Previously reported data also showed that 97% (n = 32) of patients achieved the secondary efficacy end point of survival free from permanent ventilatory support at 14 months. Achieving scores of at least 40 points on CHOP-INTEND occurred for 73% of patients, 14 (42%) of whom achieved a score of at least 50 points and 3 (9%) who achieved a score of at least 58 points.

The ability to thrive, an exploratory end point in symptomatic patients, was met by 7 (30%) of the 23 patients in this subpopulation, compared to none reported in the Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research (PNCR) study. Furthermore, age-appropriate weight maintenance was experienced by 65% of the population at 18 months.

One patient included in STR1VE experienced a serious AE of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and respiratory distress that resulted in death; however, Novartis and the investigators concluded it was not related to treatment with Zolgensma.

In May 2019, the FDA approved Zolgensma for the treatment of SMA in pediatric patients aged 2 years or younger with mutations in the SMN1 gene. It became the first and only gene therapy approved for SMA, including patients who are presymptomatic.

REFERENCES

1. New Zolgensma data demonstrate age-appropriate development when used presymptomatically and rapid, clinically meaningful efficacy in symptomatic children, even those with severe SMA at baseline. News release. Novartis. June 18, 2021. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/new-zolgensma-data-demonstrate-age-appropriate-development-when-used-presymptomatically-and-rapid-clinically-meaningful-efficacy-symptomatic-children-even-those
2. Strauss K. et al. Onasemnogene Abeparvovec for Presymptomatic Infants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy and 2 Copies of SMN2: A Phase III Study. Abstract presented at the 7th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology. 19–22 June 2021.
3. Mercuri E. et al. Gene replacement therapy for symptomatic spinal muscular atrophy type 1: final results of the Phase III STR1VE-EU study. Abstract presented at the 7th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology. 19–22 June 2021.
4. AveXis receives FDA approval for Zolgensma®, the first and only gene therapy for pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). News release. Novartis. May 24, 2019. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/avexis-receives-fda-approval-zolgensma-first-and-only-gene-therapy-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-sma